摘要:勞動法與民法屬于兩個獨立的法律部門，當工傷事故發生時，往往存在著工傷保險賠償請求權與普通民事賠償請求權的競合問題。而我國各立法機關主體對該問題的立法思路不同，導致國內對同一法律適用關系規定得相當混亂，不利于保護受害人的合法權益。對比分析國外的四種立法模式的優缺點，筆者贊同補充模式，本文從本單位侵權和第三人侵權兩個角度入手，理清用人單位、工傷保險經辦機構、受害人三方之間的關系，將主觀過錯引入對用人單位的懲罰機制當中，規范用人單位行為。通過分析《社會保險法》中先行支付制度和追索權制度的缺陷，提出完善社會保險制度的建議，更好地維護受害人權益。結合補充模式和社會保險法中的先行支付制度、追索權制度，以期更好地填補受害人損害，減輕經營者負擔。

關鍵詞：工傷保險；民事賠償；法律適用

Abstract:Labor law and civil law are two separate legal department when work accidents, often there are competing injury insurance compensation claims and general civil compensation claims. Different ideas of each of China's legislature, the main body of the legislation, leading to considerable confusion domestic provisions on the same law applies to the relationship is not conducive to the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the victim. Comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of foreign four legislative model, I agree with complementary modalities, starting from the infringement of this unit and the third infringement of two angles, sort out the employer, work injury insurance agencies, victim tripartite relationship between subjective fault of the introduction of the employer's punishment mechanism which regulate the behavior of the employer. By analyzing the Social Insurance Law "in the first payment system and deficiencies in the system of recourse to a complete set of recommendations of the social insurance system to better safeguard the rights of victims. Combined with supplementary advance payment system in the patterns and social insurance law, the recourse system, in order to better fill the victim harm, ease the burden on the operators.

Key words: Injury insurance；Civil compensation；The application of law

　　　工傷保險請求權與民事賠償請求權的競合問題由來已久，工傷保險的存在是為了彌補民事賠償的缺陷和不足，但工傷保險賠償賠付標準低，不全面，無法完全彌補受害人的損失，因此，民事賠償作為二次救濟的作用凸顯出來。根據我國立法，工傷保險請求權和民事賠償請求權之間法律關系的適用問題仍無明確的法律規定，這造成了受害者維權難。要切實保障勞動者的合法權益，必須理清兩請求權的法律適用關系，首先，從學理上對其進行分析研究，剖析問題產生的根源和本質，為解決法律適用難題奠定基礎。